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WHAT IS A LOOP?

• a structure, series, or process, the end of which is connected to the beginning.
• a shape produced by a curve that bends round and crosses itself.

SOME EXAMPLES

• The generic roller coaster **vertical loop**, where a section of track causes the riders to complete a 360 degree turn, is the most basic of roller coaster inversions. At the top of the loop, riders are completely inverted.
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_loop
• A balloon loop, turning loop or **reversing loop** (North American) allows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or even stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains and unit freight trains such as coal trains.Balloon loops are common on tram or streetcar systems. Many streetcar and tram systems use single-ended vehicles that have doors on only one side and controls at only one end, or else haul trailers with no controls in the rear car; these must be turned at each end of the route.
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloon_loop
• The **loop jump** is an edge jump in the sport of figure skating. It was created by German figure skater Werner Rittberger, and is often called the Rittberger in Europe. It also gets its name from the shape the blade would leave on the ice if the skater performed the rotation without leaving the ice. The skater executes it by taking off from the back outside edge of the skating foot, turning one rotation in the air, and landing on the back outside edge of the same foot. It is often performed as the second jump in a combination. 
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_jump
• A **loop** is one of the fundamental structures used to tie knots. It is a full circle formed by passing the working end of a rope over itself. When the legs of a closed loop are crossed to form a loop, the rope has taken a turn. 
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_knot_terminology#Loop
• **La Ronde** is a 1950 French film directed by Max Ophüls and based on Arthur Schnitzler's 1897 play La Ronde. Set in Vienna in 1900, it shows ten amorous encounters across the social spectrum, from a street prostitute to a nobleman, with each scene involving one character from the previous episode. The French term 'La Ronde' can mean any of the following: circling around, doing the rounds, a round of drinks, a circular dance.
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ronde_(1950_film)

BOOKS

• M to M of MM (Paris)
• Michael Snow - From Cover to Cover
• Christian Marclay - The Clock

COLLECTIVE READING

• http://www.servinglibrary.org/journal/14/elliptical-thinking
• David Reinfurt: ELLIPTICAL THINKING

SCREENINGS

• RODNEY GRAHAM - VEXATION ISLAND (1997)
  'Vexation Island' is a short film that is screened in a loop. From above you see a small island of white sand and palm trees in a blue sea near the mainland. You can hear the sound of wind and waves. Close-ups alternate with panoramic views. There is a man lying on the beach near to a coconut palm. He has a large wound on his forehead. A wooden post with a parrot stands at an angle in the sand. The man opens his eyes, the parrot screeches and points with his wing. The man stands up, looks out over the sea, turns round, walks up to the coconut palm and starts to shake it. A coconut is shaken loose and falls on the man’s forehead. The man falls, the coconut rolls towards the sea. The falling and rolling are slowed down and are shown several times from different camera positions. Then you see the island again from above and the film begins again.
  http://www.ubu.com/film/graham_vexation.html
• CHRISTIAN MARCLAY - THE CLOCK, 24 HOURS (2010)
  The Clock is an art installation by video artist Christian Marclay. It is a looped 24-hour video supercut (montage of scenes from film and television) that feature clocks or timepieces. The artwork itself functions as a clock: its presentation is synchronized with the real time, resulting in the time shown in a scene being the actual time.
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajRTmKujufs
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clock_(2010_film)
• DARA BIRNBAUM - TECHNOLOGY/TRANSFORMATION: WONDER WOMAN (1978-79)
  Explosive bursts of fire open Technology/Transformation, an incendiary deconstruction of the ideology embedded in television form and pop cultural iconography. Appropriating imagery from the 1970s TV series Wonder Woman, Birnbaum isolates and repeats the moment of the "real" woman's symbolic transformation into super-hero. Entrapped in her magical metamorphosis by Birnbaum's stuttering edits, Wonder Woman spins dizzily like a music-box doll. Through radical manipulation of this female Pop icon, she subverts its meaning within the television text. Arresting the flow of images through fragmentation and repetition, Birnbaum condenses the comic-book narrative — Wonder Woman deflects bullets off her bracelets, "cuts" her throat in a hall of mirrors — distilling its essence to allow the subtext to emerge. 
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJhEgbz9piI
• HAROLD RAMIS - GROUNDHOG DAY (1993) 
  Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and written by Ramis and Danny Rubin. It stars Bill Murray as Phil Connors, a TV weatherman who, during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event, is caught in a time loop, repeatedly reliving the same day. Andie MacDowell and Chris Elliott co-star.

MUSIC

• GYÜTO MONKS
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INIMACWzMsI
• FM3 - BUDDHA MACHINE
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFag8Oye0os
• THE SOUND OF DOOMSDAY CULT
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=JJK1nW5MtkU
• CURRENT 93 - MIGHTY IN SORROW (1988)
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1-GhuOfUyk
• BASIC CHANNEL - Q-LOOP (1995)
  *Q Loop* features three tracks that originally appeared on Basic Channel's 1995 compilation *BCD*, with the title track appearing for the first time in its "full length" (13 minutes and 54 seconds, nearly triple the original cut). This one, like most music by Basic Channel and its various offshoots, is an exercise in classic minimalism. A short but deceptively complex pattern repeats ad infinitum—throbbing bassline, quivering chords, lots of complicated panning. As it plays, nothing changes, but the richness of its composition comes into focus. It's less a thing that happens and more a place you inhabit—a cold, grey, underwater place, but one that's also soothing in its own way.
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZswQkLQKFP0
• GYÜTO MONKS
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INIMACWzMsI
• FM3 - BUDDHA MACHINE
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFag8Oye0os
• THE SOUND OF DOOMSDAY CULT
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=JJK1nW5MtkU
• CURRENT 93 - MIGHTY IN SORROW (1988)
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1-GhuOfUyk
• BASIC CHANNEL - Q-LOOP (1995)
  *Q Loop* features three tracks that originally appeared on Basic Channel's 1995 compilation *BCD*, with the title track appearing for the first time in its "full length" (13 minutes and 54 seconds, nearly triple the original cut). This one, like most music by Basic Channel and its various offshoots, is an exercise in classic minimalism. A short but deceptively complex pattern repeats ad infinitum—throbbing bassline, quivering chords, lots of complicated panning. As it plays, nothing changes, but the richness of its composition comes into focus. It's less a thing that happens and more a place you inhabit—a cold, grey, underwater place, but one that's also soothing in its own way.
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZswQkLQKFP0
• ROBERT FRIPP
  Robert Fripp – Loop I (Aug 2, 1981 – New York – Washington Square Church Evening, DGMlive.com).
  https://www.dgmlive.com/albums/inroads-new-york-usa-2
• PHILIP JECK
  Philip Jeck works with old records and record players salvaged from junk shops turning them to his own purposes. He really does play them as musical instruments, creating an intensely personal language that evolves with each added part of a record. Philip Jeck makes geniunely moving and transfixing music, where we hear the art not the gimmick.
  VINYL CODA I-III (2000): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-3wiU_xDZA
  LOOPHOLES (1995): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKtI6DyKnYmP1M34xo4u0bN85pMX-wsTZ
• WILLIAM BASINSKI - THE DISINTEGRATION LOOPS (2002)
  *The Disintegration Loops* is a series of four albums by American avant-garde composer William Basinski released in 2002 and 2003. The recordings consist of tape loops that gradually deteriorated each time they passed the tape head, the unexpected result of Basinski's attempt to transfer his earlier recordings to digital format. The completion of the recording coincided with the 9/11 attacks, which Basinski witnessed from his rooftop in Brooklyn; the artwork features Basinski's footage of the New York City skyline in the aftermath of the World Trade Center's collapse. He dedicated the music to the victims of the attacks.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjnAE5go9dI
• ALVIN LUCIER - I AM SITTING IN A ROOM (1969)
  I am sitting in a room is a sound art piece composed in 1969 and one of composer Alvin Lucier's best known works.
  The piece features Lucier recording himself narrating a text, and then playing the tape recording back into the room, re-recording it. The new recording is then played back and re-recorded, and this process is repeated. Since all rooms have characteristic resonance or formant frequencies (e.g. different between a large hall and a small room), the effect is that certain frequencies are emphasized as they resonate in the room, until eventually the words become unintelligible, replaced by the pure resonant harmonies and tones of the room itself.
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhtO4DsSazc
• STEVE REICH - COME OUT (1966)
  Composed in 1966, it was originally part of a benefit presented at Town Hall , for the retrial with lawyers of their own choosing, of the six bots arrested for murder during the Harlem riots of 1964. The voice is that if Daniel Hamm, now acquitted and then 19, describing a beating he took in Harlem's 28th precinct. The police were only taking those that were visibly bleeding to the hospital, since Daniel Hamm had no bleeding he proceeded to squeeze open a bruise on his leg. "I had to like open the bruise up and let some of the bruise blood come out to show them."
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0WVh1D0N50
• JOHN CALE / THE VELVET UNDERGROUND - LOOP (1966)
  The very first commercially available recording of the Velvet Underground, an instrumental track called "Loop" given away with Aspen Magazine, was a feedback experiment written and conducted by Cale. His creative relationship with Reed was integral to the sound of the Velvet Underground's first two albums, The Velvet Underground & Nico (recorded in 1966, released in 1967) and White Light/White Heat (recorded in 1967, released in 1968). On these albums he plays viola, bass guitar and piano, and sings occasional backing vocals. White Light/White Heat features Cale on organ (on "Sister Ray") as well as two vocal turns: "Lady Godiva's Operation", an experimental song where he shares lead vocal duties with Reed, and "The Gift", a long spoken word piece written by Reed. Though Cale co-wrote the music to several songs, his most distinctive contribution is the electrically amplified viola.
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWHVHi7jLbo
• [CREP18] Kink Gong - Chang Fo Ji - Buddha loops from China & Tibet (2016)
  [CREP59] Koray Kantarcıoglu - Loopworks (2018)
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZGP9fTiqaw
• RICARDO VILLALOBOS
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8_BAoVwoaM
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FMl8QlB19w
• LOCKED GROOVES
  Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unusual_types_of_gramophone_records#Sound_recorded_in_locked_grooves
  NON: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYQiPjOuMUE
• LUC FERRARI - UNHEIMLICH SCHÖN
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYVQbqadLpQ
• DIALING IN - "Thorazine Eclipse"
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnsUfey_0kc&feature=emb_logo